Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: a. using I language. Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple genes and other factorssuch as stress, abuse, or a traumatic eventwhich can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an inherited susceptibility to it (https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1). c. emphasize health. Right? a. very small; selectively b. large; selectively c. large; openly d. small; openly, 142. Techniques might include weighing the pros and cons of fighting uncertainty or change. b. hypotheses. This approach to learning was called connectionism. a. Evaluate the usefulness of the biological model. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partner's departure and ways to save money. a. long-term memory b. numerical and spatial reasoning c. autonomic nervous system functioning d. feelings of social connectedness among teens, 105. A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. They include Lisdexamfetamine, the combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine, and Methylphenidate. Our focus will be on partial/intermittent reinforcement. d. Bandura. c. cognitive-behavioral 92. Think of it as an If-Then statement. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. What are some issues facing the biological model? According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? a. gestalt theorist b. psychodynamic theorist c. existential theorist d. evolutionary theorist. c. intellectualization. b. classic Freudian psychotherapy. This action MOST strongly suggests that the _____ is firmly in control of Nikolai. c. tertiary prevention. According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT: a. illogical thinking. c. psychodynamic. Figure 2.10. d. synapses. Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. These medications fall under five major categories. To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). Postconditioning. To truly understand brain structure and chemistry, it is a good idea to understand how communication occurs within the nervous system. Your first semester of college, you have several midterms you need to study for. Despite Freuds generalization, his theory was based on only a few patients. d. humanistic. 162. 121. The book published several case studies, including that of Anna O., born February 27, 1859 in Vienna to Jewish parents Siegmund and Recha Pappenheim, strict Orthodox adherents who were considered millionaires at the time. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. b. laissez-faire parenting style. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? The cat could escape the box and reach the food by manipulating a series of levers. The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. 36. Once in the brain, it is processed and interpreted. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but also anxiety, insomnia, and pain. b. develop depression even when not under stress. b. Rogers said that all people want to have positive regard from significant others in their life. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. Hence, they experience conditional positive regard. Divorce or the death of a spouse can lead to anxiety disorders. The problem with this approach is that mental disorders are not typically caused by a solitary factor, but multiple causes. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? In order to prevent anxiety in the future, it is common practice to expose someone to stressful situations. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. Little Albert made no response outside of curiosity (NSNR not shown). There is no need to learn it again, as in the case of primary reinforcers and punishers in operant conditioning. Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model. 113. 74. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards. The pairing must occur more than once so that needless pairings are not learned such as someone farting right before your food comes out and now you salivate whenever someone farts (at least for a while. So the dog now reliably salivates at the sound of the bell because he expects that food will follow, and it does. c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. d. existential. Most report that their symptoms decline, leading them to feel better and improve their functioning. c. psychoanalysts. c. it pays too little attention to the role early life experiences. b. focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior - CliffsNotes Again, your schema about front row and back row students is incorrect and causes you to make certain assumptions about these individuals. Positive means that you are giving something good or bad. I'm here for you." The main difference between these two systems is the speed with which they act. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. humanistic. d. propositions. Panel A of Figure 2.6 shows the naturally occurring response to the stimulus of a loud sound. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: a. challenging irrational cognitions. c. transference. Operant conditioning. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. Eventually, the response brought about by the sympathetic nervous system must end. A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? The response re-emerges. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? Neurotransmitters will only bind to their specific receptor sites, much like a key will only fit into the lock it was designed for. d. self-aware. 100. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? c. working to change unacceptable thoughts. Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? This thought is an example of: Which statement is NOT an appropriate criticism of the sociocultural model? According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? Furthermore, some patients report feeling as though they lack speech or motor control, thus feeling at times like a robot. Show: All Cards 109 1 The earliest major psychological model of abnormal behavior was the cognitive model 2 Attempts to understand the biological basis of depression has linked it to imbalances in -norepinephrine and serotonin 3 Fannie goes to a humanist therapist. c. congenital malformations. Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from: a. natural observation. c. drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: prejudice and discrimination faced by women. With each subsequent escape and re-insertion into the box, the cat became faster at correctly manipulating the levers. Bacterial and viral infections. In Panel A, food makes a dog salivate. In time, the cause of the persons psychopathology is due to all these individual factors. Recent research has discovered that autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia all share genetic roots. Antipsychotics are used to treat psychosis or conditions that affect the mind, and in which there has been some loss of contact with reality, often including delusions (false, fixed beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not really there). They can be used to treat eating disorders, severe depression, PTSD, OCD, ADHD, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? Multidimensional Approaches to Understanding Mental Illness | Abnormal a. existential b. humanistic c. sociocultural d. behavior-focused, 139. a. quaternary b. secondary c. tertiary d. meta. Which is an example of latent content? b. resistance. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. 20. Critics of the behavioral perspective point out that it oversimplifies behavior and often ignores inner determinants of behavior. Reinforcement can either occur continuously meaning every time the desired behavior is made the subject will receive some reinforcer, or intermittently/partially meaning reinforcement does not occur with every behavior. b. family therapy. d. quaternary prevention. PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com b. a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. b. biological forces, culture, and learning. 131. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. Since that time, I've never been able to swim in a lake. b. First, Freud made most of his observations in an unsystematic, uncontrolled way, and he relied on the case study method. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. Finally, does uncertainty always lead to a negative end? This therapy is BEST described as: Your romantic partner of four years ends the relationship suddenly and cuts off all contact. It is generally understood that the students who sit in the front of the class are the overachievers and want to earn an A in the class. Describe how psychological perspectives explain mental illness. Gender is not a cause of mental illness, though differing demands placed on males and females by society and their culture can influence the development and course of a disorder. For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. c. result of childhood trauma. b. social factors leading to stress. b. a. cognitive b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. rational emotive. Ashley is a pole-vaulter ready to go for her event. Maybe I am not paid weekly now. b. ego. What he discovered was the dogs would salivate even before the meat powder was presented. What is important to mental health professionals is some disorders involve specific areas of the brain. 2.3.4.1. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? In operant conditioning, the rule for determining when and how often we will reinforce the desired behavior is called the reinforcement schedule. Dichotomous thinking Viewing people or events in all-or-nothing terms. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The biological model of psychology says that psychological disorders are caused by biological problems. d. the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. WebMD adds, Experts believe many mental illnesses are linked to abnormalities in many genes rather than just one or a few and that how these genes interact with the environment is unique for every person (even identical twins). Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socioeconomic background. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. a. cognitive-behavioral Inability to disconfirm Ignoring any evidence that may contradict your maladaptive cognition. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. 13. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: a. catharsis. Yvette's negative thought patterns are harmful to her well-being. First, libido is the psychic energy that drives a person to pleasurable thoughts and behaviors. d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? d. They are the brains attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity. Uni-dimensional models alone are too simplistic to explain the etiology of mental disorders fully. In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. c. superego. The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. Nervous breakdown c. Impairment d. Distress Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of. d. hormone therapy. a. Thorndike also said that stimulus and responses were connected by the organism, and this led to learning. 111. A reliance on medication for treatment and a belief that psychological illness is. The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. 2.3.1.1. 120. b. prevention. Figure 2.9. You are doing your best. b. negative transference. d. synapses. Hormones are important to psychologists because they manage the nervous system and body tissues at certain stages of development and activate behaviors such as alertness or sleepiness, sexual behavior, concentration, aggressiveness, reaction to stress, and a desire for companionship. What if you found out that a friend who sits in the front row is a C student but sits there because he cannot see the screen or board, even with corrective lenses? a. id b. superego c. self d. ego, 38. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia.

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