The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines. In the 1960s, Gunther SCHULLER developed a style known as "Third A drummer, bass player (string bass), piano player, and guitarist formed the rhythm section. Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! Special thanks to Dr. Portia K. Maultsby and to the Advisory Scholars for their commitment and thought-provoking contributions to this resource. During the 1930s, Earl Hines and his band broadcast from the Grand Terrace in Chicago every night across America. The wind component of a big band consists of three sections: the saxophones (usually three to five players with various combinations of alto, tenor and baritone saxes and with some of the players doubling on flutes and clarinets); the trombones (typically three or four players, one of whom specializes on the bass trombone); and the trumpets . Q G("CH^T)daA]yg~zN^y>.g~01D%>7dj.|K+8'9 q*U!i|O1#"v\YOGtc_GD1JL. African American theaters and night clubs, the Apollo, the Savoy, and the Lafayette, became legendary for presenting jazz combos and orchestras. Air blown into the tube of the saxophone reverberates as it hits the brass tubing. Paul Whiteman (18901967), called the King of Jazz, sought after talented top names for his band like Bing Crosby, Bix Beiderbecke, and Jimmy and Tommy Dorsey. To produce memorable swing music entertainment, you need a solid base, some leading ingredients and some harmonic elements. During the next decades, ballrooms filled with people doing the jitterbug and Lindy Hop. In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, Miller went in debt to start his band but was a millionaire within two years. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. is America's History of Big Band Jazz | JAZZ Aspen Snowmass The band features selections mostly from the swing era, with a dose of 50's Sinatra and 60's hipsters. This type of music flourished through the early 1930s, although there was little mass audience for it until around 1936. "Hot" Jazz, as improvised over standard blues patterns. (Click Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. ways. - is called the "12-bar blues." of jazz Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. (1937). Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. The size could be anywhere from about 12 to 30 players. was introduced with greater emphasis on the soloist. "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" - Duke Ellington & Ella Fitzgerald, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing),, Kansas City was the swingingest sound in the world. Swing is an outgrowth of the 1920s big band traditions in Chicago, Kansas City, and New York City. Company B, was popularized through records and film by The Andrews Sisters during World War The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, the first multiethnic all-female swing band, formed in 1937 at Piney Woods County Life School, Mississippi. the following instruments: The The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. Characteristics of Music: Swing | The Music Studio Beacon, 2006. Big Bands began to appear in movies in the 1930s through the 1960s, though cameos by bandleaders were often stiff and incidental to the plot.Shep Fields appeared with his Rippling Rhythm Orchestra in a playful and integrated animated performance of "This Little Ripple Had Rhythm" in the musical extravaganza The Big Broadcast of 1938. From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of are described below. piece several times, but the most famous is from 1942, with the following That makes them the shrimp or Andouille sausage in the Gumbo that is swing music. His music uses Eastern rhythms, meters, and advanced rhythmic techniques. Henderson was a pianist and excellent arranger who wrote most of the musical arrangements that helped launch the success of Benny Goodmans orchestra. But you also need to inject your style and personality into the music you make. White teenagers and young adults were the principal fans of the big bands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The bands led by Helen Lewis, Ben Bernie, and Roger Wolfe Kahn's band were filmed by Lee de Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process in 1925, in three short films which are in the Library of Congress film collection. History of Swing Bands Timeline of African American Music attractive to general listeners. Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. However, jazz continued its artistic evolution as swing became established around 1929. . The Glenn Miller Band worked the best jobs and recorded often. A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. ARMSTRONG took "Hot" Jazz to Chicago, where its popularity grew As purely instrumental jazz This also contributed to the loose and spontaneous feel of KC Jazz. ensemble intimate style of Dixieland jazz into a harder-edged full band sound. premiered. Check them out, though Im sure you would already recognise many of them. Gioia, Ted. Compared to Dixieland bands, swing bands used two or three times as many players and produced a fuller sound. All the big bands would go up there. endstream endobj 1555 0 obj <>/Metadata 104 0 R/Outlines 108 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 1544 0 R/StructTreeRoot 655 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 1556 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 1557 0 obj <>stream Swing was massively popular during the 1930s, so popular, in fact, that it was the pop music of its time. freedom vs. chaos. As I said before, Swing music is played by Big Bands. His music was a combination of solo and ensemble playing. West Side Story. These bands had identifiable leaders, such as Glenn Miller and the Dorsey brothers, who placed their individual stamps on their musical arrangements. Modern big bands can be found playing all styles of jazz music. Four trombones comprised the trombone section. In the late 1940s, progressive Saxophones also feature a number of keys built into the main section of the tube; these keys can change the pitch or note being played. a) Henderson's big band comprises five brass instruments (three trumpets and two trombones), four reed instruments (saxophones and clarinets), and a rhythm section consisting of piano, bass, - a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. And this is where the term head comes from, meaning the original melody of the song that is, its all in your head, not written down on paper. [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". Important New York figures of this time include Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, and Duke Ellington. The 1930's brought a new style of jazz "big band swing". The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. Loops are played at 120 and 125 bpm. Orleans musicians begin to consolidate the drum section (bass, snare, cymbals) commonly found in early New Orleans brass bands. They used their voices as instruments to demonstrate their command of scat singing. shows the development of the main jazz styles in relation to other aspects of Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. clip on the basic jazz rhythm section), - Bass The moral? art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American Jazz Big Band Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection HWYo8~G ("b+[:r$%_r8oFdnIt]5pu\Kr|z~+au/I8vTm3}` e (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. Many of the better known bands reflected the individuality of the bandleader, the lead arranger, and the personnel. Radio increased the fame of Benny Goodman, the "Pied Piper of Swing". Jazz elements into his famous musical, You Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. Swing band music was organized in homophonywhere two or more instruments played similar or complementary lines. Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. black jazz musicians developed an intense History of Jazz (Chapter 7) Flashcards | Quizlet His bebop collaborations with trumpeter Dizzy GILLESPIE are some of the greatest moments in music history. In the late 1960s, Jazz trumpeter Miles Kenton pushed the boundaries of big bands by combining clashing elements and by hiring arrangers whose ideas about music conflicted. While each instrument in a swing band can be compared to an ingredient in Gumbo, none of them have been equated with the seasoning so far. CROSBY, Frank SINATRA, and Doris DAY, who blossomed as featured vocalists with prominent bands The "Modern Popular Music" chart below, 1570 0 obj <>stream Big band - Wikipedia The trumpeter blows on the mouthpiece at one end of the trumpet with closed lips, and the sound wave reverberates through the tube until it exits out the widened far end of the instrument. In the mid-1930s, he was the featured soloist in the Basie Orchestra. By the late 1930s, prosperity was returning, and records and radio were extremely helpful in publicizing jazz. All Jazz styles have two common features: - Figure 3: WMU's "Gold innovators include pianist Dave BRUBECK highly-improvisatory new style of jazz called "Bebop" was developed Samplephonics Soulful Brass Constructions A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. They had Count Basie, they had Benny Moten, they had George Lee, they had Junior Lee, they had Lester Young, they had Walter Brown., What I heard in that first nine-piece Basie band was the sort of free, swinging jazz that I have always preferred. and Ph. Scat singing, along with his gravelly voice, became Armstrongs trademark sound, as heard in Lazy River (1931). Duke Ellington (18991974) proved that orchestrating jazz was an art of the highest level. And they played a particular type of Swing in Kansas City known as: Kansas City Jazz. Kansas City was busy with musical activity from the early 1920s to about 1938. Stream Jazz" by combining a jazz combo with symphony orchestra. Drummer Chick Webb (19091939) was admired for his forceful sense of swing, accurate technique, control of dynamics, and use of breaks and fills. initiated by a 4-measure lead-in improvised over a "C" chord Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. Other methods of embellishing the form include modulations and cadential extensions. leaders in America. [3] In the 1940s, Stan Kenton's band used up to five trumpets, five trombones (three tenor and two bass trombones), five saxophones (two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, one baritone saxophone), and a rhythm section. world. Duke Ellington at one time used six trumpets. harmony, structure and instrumentation. big band music - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. The Music . the 1930s, famed jazz pianists Edward "Duke" Many of the great swing bands broke up, as the times and tastes changed. orchestral jazz crossover movement that had an enormous impact on getting white The Classic Swing Band from Dallas uses this very instrument in every show!! Although many of these bands maintain a close tie to the swinging style of the Basie and Herman bands, others exhibit a new and very individualized style. Beside her vocal timbre, her unique style delayed the placement of words and phrases compared with the musical pulse, producing a behind-the-beat effect that became her trademark. Sweet Swing (people like Glenn Miller) had less improvisation, was a bit slower, restrained with a slight swing feel, and was for the white upper class dinner parties. Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: In 1927, he taught music at Manassas High School in Memphis and organized a student jazz band. Swing was hugely popular in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930s. Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). [44], Although big bands are identified with the swing era, they continued to exist after those decades, though the music they played was often different from swing. Bandleader Charlie Barnet's recording of "Cherokee" in 1942 and "The Moose" in 1943 have been called the beginning of the bop era. %%EOF Swing grew out of New Orleans Jazz and the evolved into Bebop. BERNSTEIN also incorporated Cool such works incorporate certain elements of the jazz tradition, there is not even of main line "crooners" such as Bing Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. YouTube clip with basic piano chords, click here to see a YouTube have emerged: "Free jazz" (a "random" loosely-structured Nostalgia for the Big Band style has kept it alive today. Goodmans clarinet playing was a combination of great wit, precise musicianship, beautiful subtleties, and never-ending swing. Kansas City, in particular, became a wide-open town totally ingrained in the entertainment business. They provide the base, the foundation on which the rest of the music can thrive. A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. virtuosity. who specialized in less improvised tunes with more emphasis on sentimentality, featuring somewhat slower-paced, often heart-felt songs.[43]. But on performance day, this band of Lab rats replaces the high-tech gizmos with trumpets, saxophones, trombones, drums and a piano. Hammond, John. The dance duo Vernon and Irene Castle popularized the foxtrot while accompanied by the Europe Society Orchestra led by James Reese Europe. The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. Apple Loops/REX/WAV. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. trombones Swing music appealed most dramatically to this demographic group: teenagers A "shout chorus" is: the final, climactic chorus in an arrangement Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? For example, Tommy Dorsey played with a beautiful tone and control on the trombone. The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. can keep track of this form by counting to 4 twelve times ("1 2 3 4", "2 2 3 4", "3 2 3 4", "4 2 3 4", "5 2 3 4", etc. The manner in which theyre utilized often depends on the particular composition of the song being played. Playing multiple riffs playing at once as a kind of call and response. during the World War II years. Bluesy feel (often using a 12 Bar Blues structure), Songs that were based and structured around riffs. American sound has fascinated listeners, performers and composers around the The Swing Era - Jazz in America Ornette Coleman in the 1960s. : The rhythmic phenomenon of "swing" feeling is serene style of "cool jazz" became the rage on the west coast. Swing Music Explained - The Jazz Piano Site harmony. He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C": (click here to see animated I am Joaqun/Yo Soy Joaqun was first published in 1967. The trumpet section included four trumpets; the first was responsible for the highest notes. And they played dance music. early style of "Hot Jazz" made its way north to Chicago and east to This expansive eclecticism characterized much of jazz after World War II. The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 19301945. here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation, click here to see animated Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. Rewrite each sentence following the instructions in parentheses. The jazz musician relies on three basic elements of the song to develop The music business suffered during the Great Depression. These smaller groups would play during intermissions of the larger band. Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. 0 So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. trumpet. Duke Ellington's . photo by Patricia Schneider. It served to distract people from the daily grind of reality. For the sentence below, write prepositional phrase and underline the preposition. emerged as piano was added to the rhythm section, and a stronger driving rhythm Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. Lester Young & Herschel Evans. Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) had a different approach than Hawkins and used a lighter tone. He was a pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. Orchestra. Many Kansas City bands featured head arrangements, which were . Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and . Dance bands had made phonograph records since the days of ragtime. In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman performing at the same time." Ella Fitzgerald contributed to the success of Webbs band in New York City. Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others.

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