(1974). Page 19. Beyer, H. O. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company. The History of Sumatra: Containing An Account Of The Government, Laws, Customs And / Manners Of The Native Inhabitants. University of San Carlos Publications. This site uses functional cookies and external scripts to improve your experience. Ibanag Indigenous Religious Beliefs: a study in culture and education. Omar Publications. University of the Philippines Press. [citation needed]. Ateneo University Press, 1994. Philippine Journal of Science, 85117. Posted by ; alice collins trousers; He was sometimes given the head of a donkey, possibly to reflect the fact that donkey manure was used to improve the fertility of soil. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, XXV. National Teacher's College. University of Manila., 1956. Centipedes are heavily dependent on water, since they dry out easily, so cool water is an exceptionally appropriate offering for a centipede god of the desert. Asiaweek, Volume 12, Issues 1-13. University of the Philippines Press, 2014. Guadalupe Fores- Ganzon,Luis Maeru,Fundacin Santiago (Manila, Philippines). Philippine Myths, Legends, and Folktales. As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was also considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. Ateneo de Manila University. Noche, D. (2019). A reclamation of one's heritage. Dutton & Co., Inc. Lutero, C. D. (1986). Page 378. Page 358. Barton, R. F. (1949). Cayat, G. C. Manuscript on Kalanguya Cultural Communities. 122123. That means I feel pretty good about offering meats and/or cheeses to Sepa, but not fruits, and not really sweets (which are frequently grain-based). Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala. Vocabulariode lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero. 31, No. The Culture of the Bontoc Igorot. The Journal of American Folklore. Nanzan University. University of San Carlos Publications. University of the Philippines. Rex Book Store, Inc. San Agustn, G. (1998). When the LordJesus Christwas currently hanging on the cross, they came to be baptized, but it did not happen because at that time our Lord Jesus breathed his last. He was honoured with a festival from the Old Kingdom onward, and had a temple dedicated to him in Heliopolis. 5 Jun. Manila. Aduerte, D. (2014). 28, No. Fundacin Santiago, 1995. T'boli Art: in its Socio-Cultural Context, pp. Jumala, F. C. (2013). Isneg Tales. WebKnown as The Centipede of Horus , he does a similar job to Khepri the Scarab, but with more legs. WebThe mayura named Citramekhala is associated with Saraswati, a deity representing benevolence, patience, kindness, compassion and knowledge. Beyer, H.O. Page 630. The Philippine Archipelago: A Tropical Archipelago. Loarca, Miguel de (1582). She is the author of Daily Spellbook for the Good Witch, Wicca Practical Magic and The Daily Spell Journal. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volumes 5-6. Journal of International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University. Way of the Ancient Healer: Sacred Teachings from the Philippine Ancestral Traditions. Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2018). (2017). Diwata na Magbabaya: simply referred as Magbabaya; the good supreme deity and supreme planner who looks like a man; created the earth and the first eight elements, namely bronze, gold, coins, rock, clouds, rain, iron, and water; using the elements, he also created the sea, sky, moon, and stars; also known as the pure god who wills all things; one of three deities living in the realm called Banting; Dadanhayan ha Sugay: the evil lord from whom permission is asked; depicted as the evil deity with a human body and ten heads that continuously drools sticky saliva, which is the source of all waters; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting, Agtayabun: the adviser and peace maker deity with a hawk-like head, wings, and a human body; tempers the heads of Diwata na Magbabaya and Dadanhayan ha Sugay whenever the two argue; one of the three deities living in the realm called Banting, where he holds the other two in a suspending fashion, while maintaining the balanace of Banting; the beating of his wings produce the wind, Incantus: six of the seven original figures initially created by the three supreme deities; became guardian spirits and divinities when they were finished by Dadanhayan ha Sugay; they are both good and evil, but they take care of nature and will give its fruits if given respect through offerings; if offended, they can send droughts, flood, pestilence, or sickness, Ibabagsuk: take care of nature and grow plants, Bulalakaw: guards the water and all the creatures living in it, Mamahandi: guards over the material wealth that men acquire, First Human: one of the seven original figures created by the three supreme deities; became the first human when finished by Diwata na Magbabaya; endowed with intelligence, and entrusted with the Haldan ta Paraiso, Magbabaya (general): general term for the gods of the universe living at the points where the world's concavities meet; usually referred simply to the supreme deity named Diwata na Magbabaya, Intumbangol: a pair of serpent deities who support the earth from the underworld; one is male, the other female; their movement causes earthquakes, their breathing causes winds, and their panting causes violent storms, Miyaw-Biyaw: the deity who breathes the makatu (soul) into humans at birth, Andalapit: leads the soul from the banquet in Kumbirahan into the foot of Mount Balatucan, where the gods of the seas are assembled to judge the soul, Mangilala: god of temptation that haunts the seventh tier of the underworld; brother of Magbabaya, who he aided in the creation of humans, although when Mangilala breathed into the figures, humans became tempted to evil things, Pamahandi: protector of carabaos and horses, Camiguin: a mountain goddess who lived peacefully until the noisy kalaw disturbed her; sank and established Lake Mainit, and rose to sea, moving westward until she became the island of Camiguin, Python of Pusod Hu Dagat: the gigantic python living at the center of the sea; caused a massive flood when it coiled its body at sea, Tuluyan: son of Agyu, who gave him the source of traditional authority called Takalub, composed of the boar-tusk bracelet Baklaw and the black stick Gilling, which gave its owner Kalaki (talent and power) to settle disputes, Gahemen: a widow who survived the flood caused by the Python of Pusod Hu Dagat, Teheban: son of Gahemen after the great flood caused by the Python of Pusod Hu Dagat, Pabulusen: son of Gahemen and Teheban; his people became keepers of power, A-ayawa-en: son of Gahemen and Teheban; his people became keepers of religious customs, Tataun-en: son of Gahemen and Teheban; his people often experienced hunger, Bala-ol: brother of Mampolompon; survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Mampolompon: brother of Bala-ol; survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Tibolon: survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Managdau: survived the great drought and became an ancestor of the Bukidnon, Diwata: became a friend of the carpenter, David, Limokan: a pigeon who when cooed at, ensures a bountiful harvest, Datu Indulum: formulated the laws of Mt. E.P. Seki, K. (2001). Web1Major deities 2Lesser deities 3Primordial beings 4Demigods and heroes 5Spirits and demons 6Legendary beasts Major deities Adador Ishkur - god of storms, venerated as a supreme power especially in Syriaand Lebanon Anshur- head of the Assyrianpantheon, regarded as the equivalent of Enlil Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Diccionario mitologico de Filipinas. The origins of invented vocabulary in a utopian Philippine language. Scott, W. H. (1994). Fireflies can be seen lighting up the night in many areas of the world. THe Bukidnon Batbatonon and Pamuhay: A Socio-Literary Study. University of Santo Toms (2002). Borneo Research Bulletin. The ancient Egyptians could see that insects attacked dead bodies, but centipedes fed on the insects and so they concluded that the centipedes protected the dead. Snpan Singsing: Center for Kapampngan Cultural Heritage. "Sibod in Binanog: Understanding the Binanog Tradition of the Panay Bukidnon in Western Visayas." Jose, V. R. (1974). Filipino Heritage, II. National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Pambid, Nenita D. (2000). Webmichael carmine longtime companion; lyon college salaries. Matan-ayon: mother of Nagmalitung Yawa; thinking that Humadapnon has died, makes Nagmalitung Yawa pregnant to compel to her marriage with the revived Paglambuhan; Humadapnon later kills the couple, but is reunited with the revived Nagmalitung Yawa; Dumalapdap: an epic hero; brother of Labaw Donggon, Tikim Kadlum: an enchanted dog that rouses the ire of the monster Makabagting, Amburukay: married to Labaw Donggon after she consented her golden pubic hair to be used in Labaw Donggon's kudyapi, Pahagunon: an underworld being who abducts one of Labaw Donggon's wife, Ayon, Ayon: abducted by Pahagunon after Labaw Donggon transformed into a sea turtle, Giant Crab Master: a master who has a giant crab follower, who aids in the abduction of one of Labaw Donggon's wives; his loyal crab can transform into an island with betel-nut trees, Sanagnayan: a being whose life-force is in an egg in a lion's heart; the sister of Matan-ayon is rescued by Labaw Donggon from Sanagnayan, Balanakon: prevented by the god of the sky from sailing into Labaw Donggon's territory, resulting in a long-drawn battle, Tungkung Langit: the supreme deity and the most powerful male Diwata; he is of unknown origin, coming from somewhere foreign to the other beings of the Sulod pantheon, Bangun Bangun: the deity of universal time who regulates cosmic movements, Pahulangkug: the deity who changes the seasons, Ribung Linti: the deity of lightning and thunderstorms, Sumalongsong: the deity of the rivers and seas, Munsad Burulakaw: the deity who has direct power over men; most respected and feared in the upperworld, Bayi: one of the two primordial giants who appeared out of nowhere and were responsible for the creation of many things; caught the primordial earthworm and gave birth to the wild animals that inhabit the earth, Laki: one of the two primordial giants who appeared out of nowhere and were responsible for the creation of many things, Primordial Earthworm: an ancient earthworm who excreted the earth after it was caught by the primordial giantess, Bayi, The Three Brothers Watching Over the Soul, Mangganghaw: keeps track over man's affairs immediately after marriage; keeps track of pregnancy; he is the first to come to the house of a laboring mother, peeping in the houses to see the child being born, which he then reports to Manglaegas, Manglaegas: enters the house to look for the child to make sure the infant was born alive, then reports to Patag'aes, Patag'aes: awaits until midnight then enters the house to have a conversation with the living infant; if he discovers someone is eavesdropping, he will choke the child to death; their conversation creates the fate of the child, on how long the child wants to live and how the child will eventually die, where the child will always get to choose the answers; once done, Patag'aes takes out his measuring stick, computes the child's life span, and then departs, sealing the child's fate, Bangla'e: ferries the souls across Lim'awaen, a deep lake in the underworld; asks the soul how many spouses it had on earth, where the soul is ferried and talked to differently, depending on the answer and the gender of the soul; the soul cannot lie to Bangla'e, as he will summon the tuma, a body louse and the incarnation of the soul's conscience, Unnamed God: another god that asks questions to the soul, Balagu: guards the bridge of a stream called Himbarawen; asks the same question as Bangla'e to the soul, Diwata ng Kagubatan: goddess of the forest honored on top of Mount Caimana in Cuyo island, Neguno: the god of the sea that cursed a selfish man by turning him into the first shark. Pampangan Folklore. Benedict, L. W. (1913). Someday, that caterpillar will wake up as a butterfly or moth and so, the caterpillar can be associated with any sort of transformative magic and ritual. The Iloilo Zarzuela 19031930. (1958). Sepa was usually depicted as mummy with the two antenna of a centipede. Dancing with the ghosts of the sea: Experiencing the Pagkanduli ritual of the Sama Dilaut (Bajau Laut) in Sikulan, Tawi-Tawi, Southern Philippines. Native races and their customs. Cajetas-Saranza, R. (2016). Cagayan de Oro City: Xavier University. What they did was just wander out into the world, and be God's watchmen: The following five spirits were not baptized and did not accept the calling. As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. Page 168. Maragtas. I freely admit that my initial spark of curiosity about Sepa was due to His being a son of Sekhmet, but without knowing from whence that came historically, I am hesitant to put my full weight on it as a bridge to Him. China: Tuttle Publishing, Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. Eugenio, D. L. (2013). Asian Studies. Scientific American: Supplement, Volume 51. Far Eastern University (1967). Higaonon Oral Literature: A Cultural Heritage. Creation and Flood Myths in Philippine Folk Literature. Dancel, M. M. (1989). Ambrosio, D. K. (2013). Historical and Cultural Data of Provinces. Casal, G. (1986). Gaioni, D. T. (1985). India-related topics in Philippinesarticles, Ancient Tagalog deities documented by the Spaniards, Tagalog pantheon from "Notes on Philippine Divinities" by F. Landa Jocano. Vol. Pandaque: messenger of Sidapa; sacrifice is offered to the deity so that a soul can be admitted to the skyworld, Kahilwayan, from the lower world, Kasakitan; lives in Kasakitan, despite being a messenger of Sidapa, who lives in the middleworld, Kamaritaan; Magyan: carries the souls of the dead to the lower world, Kasakitan, on his boat called balanday; co-ruler of the lower world Kasakitan, together with Sumpoy; he is a brother of Makaptan and Sumpoy, Sumpoy: takes the souls from Magyan's balanday and carries them to a place in Kasakitan called Kanitu-nituhan; co-ruler of the lower world Kasakitan, together with Magyan; he is a brother of Magyan and Makaptan, Sisiburanen: ruler of Kanitu-nituhan, a sub-realm of the lower world, Kasakitan; acts as slaver of the souls of those who cannot and have yet go into the skyworld; feeds the souls to Simuran and Siguinarugan after the souls stay in Kanitu-nituhan for years, Simuran: one of the two giant guards of the gates of Kanitu-nituhan. Colin, Francisco (1663). San Agustin Museum. La religin antigua de los Filipinos. Dont laugh. Oxford Research Group. They are often depicted with dragon-like features. Some Aspects of Filipino Vernacular Literature, 292293. Sepa is considered to be a protector against poisonous bites and stings, which is a common attribute among deities of venomous creatures, including scorpions (Serqet) and snakes (Wadjet and others). Unfortunately, on short notice, the most reliable information I can find on Sepa is the aforementioned link to Henadology, and the primary reference for that article is in French (which is fine) but not among my personal collection (which is less fine), so I cant verify it first-hand. Deity, spirit, and hero figures continue to be viewed as important and existing among native faiths and the general Filipino culture. Supporting Sanctuaries for All Living Creatures. University of Manila Journal of East Asiatic Studies, Volume 5. p. 52. Schlegel, S. A. 4: Death and After Death: Ivatan Beliefs and Practices. 4, Special Issue: Cebuano Literary Studies: Double Marginalization and Speaking Back: A Reading of Three Post-Colonial Texts. Springer International Publishing. Tinguian Folklore and how it Mirrors Tinguian Culture and Folklife. Page 82. Manila. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 5. Thank you for the information and for spending a bit of time with this Name who likely gets overlooked much of the time. Beljan: the spirits of all beljan (shamans); able to travel to the vertical universe, divided into fourteen different layers, in order to heal the world and to re-establish cosmic balance; Lenggam: demon-like beings of the forest who act as the caretakers of poisonous and biting animals such as scorpions and snakes; Linamin at Barat: the lady-goddess of the monsoon winds, Linamin at Bulag: the lady-goddess of the dry season, Upu Kuyaw: the grandfather god of thunder, Maguimba: the god in the remotests times, lived among the people, having been summoned by a powerful babaylan (shaman); provided all the necessities of life, as well as all cures for illnesses; has the power to bring the dead back to life, Diwata: a benevolent god who provides for the needs of women and men, and gives out rewards for good deeds, Angoro: a deity who lives in Basad, a place beyond this world, where the souls find out whether they will enter the heavens called Lampanag, or be cast into the depths of Basad, Balungbunganin: spirit of the almaciga trees, Esa: an ancestor whose movements created the landscapes, which he named during a hunting journey with his dogs, who were after wild pigs, Baybay: the goddess and master of rice who originated from Gunay Gunay, the edge of the universe; married to Ungaw, Ungaw: the god and master of bees who originated from Gunay Gunay, the edge of the universe; married to Baybay, Panyaen: mystic entities who control certain wild trees and various animals. Bane, Theresa (2016). Bikols of the Philippines. Sepa can also appear with the head of a donkey, or mummified with two short horns. Zaide, S. M. (1999). Labayo, C. C. (2019). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Datu Mangal: father of Lapulapu in most versions of the story and ruler of Mactan before Lapulapu; Matang Mataunas: mother of Lapulapu; in another tale, the mother of Lapulapu is instead named Matang Matana; Malingin: daughter of Datu Mangal and sister of Lapulapu, Sri Mohammed: paternal grandfather of Lapulapu in one tale, Bali-Alho: chief of Bo. Page 158. Your choices will not impact your visit. Jocano, F. L. (1969). Baugio City: Private. Image by James Hager/Robert Harding World Imagery/Getty Images. Kaptan: the supreme god and sky god who fought against Magauayan for eons until Manaul intervened; ruler of the skyworld called Kahilwayan; controls the wind and lightning; Maguayan: the god who rules of the waters as his kingdom; father of Lidagat; brother of Kaptan, Dalagan: the swiftest winged giant, armed with long spears and sharp swords, Guidala: the bravest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swords, Sinogo: the handsomest winged giant armed with long spears and sharp swords; best loved by Kaptan but betrayed his master and was imprisoned under the sea, Maguyaen: the goddess of the winds of the sea, Magauayan: fought against Kaptan for eons until Manaul intervened, Manaul: the great bird who dropped great rocks upon the battle of Kaptan and Magauayan, creating islands, Lidagat: the sea married to the wind; daughter of Maguayan, Lihangin: the wind married to the sea; son of Kaptan, Licalibutan: the rock-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; inherited the control of the wind from his father; initiated the revolt against one of his grandfathers, Kaptan; killed by Kaptan's rage; his body became the earth, Liadlao: the gold-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the sun, Libulan: the copper-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; killed by Kaptan's rage during the great revolt; his body became the moon, Lisuga: the silver-bodied son of Lidagat and Lihangin; accidentally killed by Kaptan's rage during her brothers' revolt; her body fragments became the stars, Adlaw: the sun deity worshiped by the good, Bulan: the moon deity who gives light to sinners and guides them in the night, Makilum-sa-twan: the god of plains and valleys, Kasaray-sarayan-sa-silgan: the god of streams, Suklang-malaon: the goddess of happy homes, Maka-ako: also called Laon; the creator of the universe, Makabosog: a deified chieftain who provides food for the hungry, Sidapa: the goddess of death; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with Makaptan, Makaptan: the god of sickness; co-ruler of the middleworld called Kamaritaan, together with Sidapa; he is a brother of Magyan and Sumpoy, Danapolay: the god who supervises the other deities who answer to Sidapa and Makaptan, Sappia: the goddess of mercy originating from the island of Bohol who empties the milk from her breasts onto weeds, giving the origin of white rice; when milk ran out, blood came out from her breast, giving the origin of red rice, Tan Mulong: guardian of a spirit cave where souls may be imprisoned; has a spirit dog with one mammary gland and two genitals.

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