The same issues persist more than a decade later. Accordingly, in a spill-over process which has not been necessarily foreseen by those advocating forms of intergovernmental criminal justice cooperation, reflecting thus the law of unintended consequences, the EU moved towards the harmonization of criminal procedure, in particular defence rights to accompany the operation of mutual recognition in criminal matters. In the UKs rather febrile political atmosphere where the chimera of potentially enormous financial gains to be made from breaking with EU data protection oriented policy to one of incentivization to the private sector to exploit personal data with new technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning is dominant, EU-UK police and criminal justice cooperation may become a victim. Its compatibility with the Adequacy Decision will need to be assessed and could well impact the Adequacy Decision for criminal justice purposes. We wanted to consider a final text that had no risks attached and would not fundamentally change the UKs already strong position in the fight against human trafficking.). The evolution of European integration in criminal matters is differentiated from many other areas of European integration in that EU action has a direct impact on individual rights. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). He holds a Ph.D. in criminology from Florida State University and M.A. The establishment by the Commission of data adequacy that the UK offers an adequate level of data protection, interpreted by the CJEU as essentially equivalent to EU data protection law, and entails regular and ongoing monitoring of the systems of third states (Case C-362/14, Maximillian Schrems v Data Protection Commissioner, ECLI:EU:C:2015:650, parsa 7576) is key in this context. WebCriminology & Public Policy is devoted to the study of criminal justice policy and practice. Scholars, practitioners, and politicians continually debate the value of these policies in their evaluations of the current system. There was no shortage of criminal justice news to cover in Oklahoma in 2021. (Recital 19 and 20 respectively). In her speech before the House of Commons, the then Home Secretary Theresa May stressed the views of senior law enforcement officers and stated that attempts to exchange data in other ways would require not only an intergovernmental agreements, but the building of separate systems (House of Commons Hansard Debates for 8 December 2015: Theresa May cl.914, 916 respectively). /BaseFontName (Frutiger-BlackItalic) def Follow him on Twitter at @_KeatonRoss. Both methods would likely face legal challenges by death row prisoners. Members were instructed to make recommendations that would reduce or hold neutral the state prison population. Criminal justice reforms have been a bipartisan bright spot for a decade in Austin, as conservative and liberal lawmakers have sought to reduce the number of people behind bars, increase public safety and cut costs. The UK participation in the Directive on the European Investigation Order may be seen to have come against the odds in view of the increasingly Euro-sceptic political climate at Westminster but may be explained by the necessity to ensure that the UK remains in the first category of countries in an increasingly integrated system of judicial cooperation in the field of evidence (House of Commons European Scrutiny Committee, 'The European Investigation Order and Parliamentary Scrutiny of Opt-in Decisions, Oral Evidence of Theresa May', HC 1416, Published on 15 September 2011, Q1: what we found was that the police were saying to us that they felt the EIO would be of significant benefit to them. For example, a criminal justice policy for prisons would be the mandatory drug testing of all prisons at unspecified times. The Frontier published an article in June that found people suffering from severe mental illness were waiting months in county jails for treatment at state hospitals. Watch for legislation that would increase starting pay for state correctional officers or modify the Department of Corrections hiring requirements. /isFixedPitch false def But even under D.C.'s new code, an alleged carjacker could still receive a punishment that greatly exceeds 24 years. /FontType 1 def 59). The Department of Corrections believes younger workers could help alleviate staffing shortages. In its adequacy assessment, the Commission examined the UKs internal legal and institutional framework on data protection, placing emphasis on the UKs adherence to the ECHR and submission to the jurisdiction of the Strasbourg Court (Recitals 120 and 161 respectively). It is evident thus, that a domestic UK agenda of de-Europeanisation (Wolff & Piquet, Citation2022) leading to divergence in the protection of human rights may arise as a key constitutional obstacle to close police and criminal justice cooperation after Brexit. However, non-participation may be explained by the Governments reluctance to participate in a constitutionalized post-Lisbon framework where institutions such as the Commission and the Court of Justice would have a say in evaluating the domestic implementation and proceeding to the interpretation of the terms of the Directive (The impact of the Court of Justice was a recurring theme in the Oral evidence by Dominic Raab MP to the Justice Sub-Committee of the House of Lords Select Committee on the European Union, Directive 2013/48/EU on the right of access to a lawyer, Tuesday 19 January 2016, QQ 2,3 and 6. The criminal justice systems in Scotland and Northern Ireland (though not that of Wales) are devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. The present contribution will evaluate the current, post-Brexit state of UK-EU police and criminal justice cooperation and its implications for UK criminal justice policy. WebFour Ethical Issues: Discretion, Duty, Honesty and Loyalty Among the most common ethical issues are the four categories namely: discretion, duty, honesty, and loyalty. More Oklahoma Watch content can be found at www.oklahomawatch.org. This is particularly important now that the UK has become a third country for the purposes of EU criminal law. The Decisions have an extendable expiry date, 27 June 2025 Article 4 of both Decisions), and more recently in Privacy International (Case C-623/17 Privacy International) and La Quadrature du Net and others (Joined Cases C-511/18, C-512/18 and C-520/18 La Quadrature du Net and Others v Premier Ministre and Others ECLI:EU:C:2020:791). For the House of Lords EU Committees report Beyond Brexit: policing, law enforcement and security in 2021 (https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/5298/documents/52902/default/ [accessed 9 August 2022]), the Committee took oral evidence mainly from state practitioners and policy makers. In the pre-Brexit era, the UK developed an ambivalent relationship with the evolution of European integration in criminal matters (Mitsilegas, Citation 2016).This ambivalence was premised on the clash between the focus by the UK on effectiveness of law enforcement and security cooperation and the use In June 2021, the Commission adopted two adequacy decisions enabling the ongoing flow of personal data between the UK and the EU (COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28.6.2021 pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom, Brussels, 28.6.2021 C(2021) 4800 final; COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28.6.2021 pursuant to Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom [law enforcement], Brussels, 28.6.2021 C(2021) 4801 final). The legislation filing deadline is Jan. 20 and the regular session convenes on Feb. 7. California lawmakers passed Assembly Bill 2542, the states Racial Justice Act, which prohibits prosecutors from seeking, obtaining, or imposing a conviction or sentence on the basis of race by empowering defendants to challenge racial bias in their case. * @YVb Dozens of condemned men have since joined the complaint. major criminal justice policy issue (excluding the death penalty, legalization of marijuana, or gun control) found in your research that can be applied to current issues in criminal justice. The TCA establishes a system of very close cooperation between the UK and the EU, with the position of the UK as a third country approximating to a great extent the position of EU Member States within the system. As the EU has adopted an ever-larger acquis in key areas of criminal law and governance is has branched into a myriad of areas. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. In the pre-Brexit era, the UK developed an ambivalent relationship with the evolution of European integration in criminal matters (Mitsilegas, Citation 2016).This ambivalence was premised on the clash between the focus by the UK on effectiveness of law enforcement and security cooperation and the use The Lisbon Treaty has also introduced the legal possibility for the development of EU criminal justice -la-carte, in the Treaty legal basis enabling the establishment of a European Public Prosecutors Office. The UK has also led in the development of an EU model of data-driven law enforcement and surveillance. In terms of national constitutional limits, the position of the UK as a third state has reinstated national constitutional constraints in a number of EU Member States regarding the surrender of their own nationals, (Article 603(2) TCA and relevant notifications by a number of EU Member States) while inroads to the abolition of the verification of dual criminality have also been introduced (See in particular Article 599(4) of the TCA and relevant notifications by a number of EU Member States). %!FontType1-1.0: Frutiger-BlackItalic 1 The Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services would be authorized to provide off-site treatment if bed space at the forensic center is unavailable within 30 days of a person being deemed incompetent to stand trial, Bergstrom said. WebPolicy making on criminal justice issues including crime control takes place at many different levels in society, ranging from the local community that introduces a neighborhood watch program to the formulation of strategies at the national level after debate in Congress. Every year, 11 million people cycle through county and city jails in the United States while a half-million more people are released from state or federal prisons. Most importantly, cooperation remains judicial (Article 598(a)) and is intended to be swift (Article 605). Oklahoma Watch is non-partisan and strives to be balanced, fair, accurate and comprehensive. In Arkansas, incarceration and pre-trial detention have grown since the 1970s. This prepares graduates with the analytic capabilities, problem-solving skills, and teaching competencies for professional careers in criminal justice and related agencies, in policy analysis and research, and in academic settings. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. to which UK officers participated extensively (According to the then Director of Public Prosecutions Alison Saunders, we get a lot out of joint investigation teams because they help us to make sure that we collect the right evidence. There is much debate in the UK legal community about the consequence this change may have on the application of the TCA (https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/bill-repeal-human-rights-act/ [accessed 9 August 2022]). The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty has thus led to efforts by the UK to extend the pre-Lisbon provisions enabling UK opt-outs in the field of EU migration law to the field of EU criminal law. They have been convinced that the advantages of convergence far outweigh the loss-of-sovereignty disadvantages when it comes to on the ground results in achieving successful policing and cross border cooperation in criminal justice. The CJEU has been required to consider numerous questions regarding the correct interpretation of EU criminal law and has relied extensively on the Charter for guidance (Marguery, Citation2012). TOPICS CONSIDERED INCLUDE THE WIDESPREAD USE OF VOLUNTEERS, THE MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES ASSIGNED TO POLICE AGENCIES AND THE EVIDENCE AVAILABLE CONCERNING ATTAINMENT OF THESE OBJECTIVES, THE ADJUDICATION PHASE OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS, THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM, AND AMERICAN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROGRAMS. Criminal justice policy making is the result of a dynamic horizontal and vertical power decision-making system. Policy makers make decisions in a dynamic process in which various factors influence how, when, and what decision is made and what policy is instituted (Kaufman, 1969; C. The duty of police officers is to serve the community where they work. It will take substantial changes to significantly reduce the nations rate of incarceration. This includes the fact that such framework does not only rely on obligations laid down in domestic law, that have been shaped by EU law, but also on obligations enshrined in international law, in particular through the United Kingdoms adherence to the ECHR and Convention 108, as well as its submission to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. As was the case with the UKs decision to participate in the post-Lisbon Directive on the European Investigation Order, the opting-back-into the Framework Decision on the European Arrest Warrant was supported by a number of relevant stakeholders and practitioners in the field of criminal justice (House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, Pre-Lisbon Treaty EU police and criminal justice measures: the UKs opt-in decision, paragraphs 812 (May, Citation2014)). Oklahoma Watch is a nonprofit organization that produces in-depth and investigative journalism on important public-policy issues facing the state. /FontInfo 12 dict dup begin In the pre-Brexit era, the UK developed an ambivalent relationship with the evolution of European integration in criminal matters (Mitsilegas, Citation2016). Appropriately, public policymakers and administrators in the criminal justice system are responding to the issue of 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. In addition to the broader challenges of upholding European benchmarks of human rights protection in the UK, the position of data protection as a key element to cooperation in this field cannot be overemphasized. The position of the UK in the development of EU criminal law reflects a paradox: on the one hand, politically, European integration in criminal matters has been viewed and presented in political rhetoric as an undesirable incursion into state sovereignty; on the other hand, operationally, UK participation in EU criminal law legislation and structures of cooperation was viewed as highly desirable in terms of the effectiveness of security and law enforcement. Here, sovereignty concerns related to the impact of EU institutions on the UK legal order supersede calls to participate in EU criminal law. 119). Criminal Justice Policy Issues is an ideal collection for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in criminal justice. /FamilyName (Frutiger) readonly def Download editorial board (PDF) Criminal Justice Policy Review ISSN: 0887-4034; Online ISSN: 1552-3586; About SAGE Publishing; Contact us; CCPA - Do not sell my personal information; In a logic of operational necessity, the UK Government thus opted back into the vast majority of the key third pillar law enforcement measures after the expiry of the Transitional Provisions Protocol deadline. Pierre Gentin is the General Counsel of McKinsey & Company. A lock ( You may select minor policy issues, major policy issues, minor budget issues, major budget issues, equipment These areas include surrender after the European Arrest Warrant; the exchange of personal data including PNR data and DNA data following the Prm model; and cooperation in the field of confiscation of criminal assets. Focusing just on the incarcerated, the 40-year growth in imprisonment rates from the early 1970s has been linked to changes in sentencing policy, particularly the widespread adoption of mandatory minimum sentences, often for drug Among the most important are criminal law practitioners themselves. Fourthly, what looks likely to become the Achilles heel of cooperation in this field comes from outside it in the form of disputed data protection standards. WebThe Drug Policy Alliance is committed to identifying and promoting health-centered alternatives to harmful, punitive drug laws. Police and Criminal Justice, December 2014, paragraphs 3.113.21.) However, this is far from a straightforward request from an operational perspective (EU Member States would have to duplicate Warrant uploads to SIS II and the Interpol system) and from a fundamental rights perspective (in view of the challenging human rights record of a number of Interpol members and reports of abuse of the Interpol Red Notice alerts system For a critical view of Interpol governance and the misuse of Interpol Red Notices see House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, In the room: the UKs role in multilateral diplomacy First Report of Session 202122, para. Taskforce members say the classification system would give criminal justice stakeholders, from defense attorneys to prosecutors to jurors, a better grasp of the criminal code and how long a person sentenced to prison would be incarcerated before becoming eligible for release. It is one where constitutional normalization is clearly demonstrated (in the constitutional evolution and substantive content of EU Criminal Law and Justice see Mitsilegas, Citation2022). Construction of the facility would likely be funded through a combination of citizen-approved general obligation bonds and money from the American Rescue Plan. The non-participation of the UK in these structures has a negative impact also in areas where the TCA demonstrates a high level of ambition for future cooperation something which is clearly demonstrated in the case of post-Brexit continuation of a European Arrest Warrant-type system. SEPARATE SUBJECT AND NAME INDEXES ARE PROVIDED. Heres a look at some issues lawmakers are expected to take up during the 140-day legislative session. A Party shall not provide for a right of action under its law against the other Party on the ground that the other Party has acted in breach of this Agreement or any supplementing agreement.) WebJoin us for a panel discussion on law, leadership, and policy, with Pierre Gentin, Udi Ofer, and Ramona Romero. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty constitutionalized police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, most notably by affirming the constitutional status and applicability of the Charter of Fundamental Right (Mitsilegas, Citation2016). The insanity defense exists to make that, Mental Health America (MHA) opposes sentences of life without parole for juvenile offenders and emerging adults -- individuals of the ages between 18 and 25. Without prejudice to Article SSC.67 of the Protocol on Social Security Coordination and with the exception, with regard to the Union, of Part Three of this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement or any supplementing agreement shall be construed as conferring rights or imposing obligations on persons other than those created between the Parties under public international law, nor as permitting this Agreement or any supplementing agreement to be directly invoked in the domestic legal systems of the Parties. In a lengthy report published in June 2021(https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/5650/documents/55754/default/ [accessed 9 August 2022]) the Committee notes that the key concerns for Northern Ireland as regards the TCA are cumbersome extradition processes and possible intelligence blind spots for criminals to exploit. The reporting project collaborates on occasion with other news outlets. These laws provide for indefinite involuntary, Over the past 50 years [America has] gone from institutionalizing people with mental illnesses, often in subhuman conditions, [in state mental health hospitals] to incarcerating, Society has long recognized the need to distinguish between those defendants charged with a crime who are responsible for their acts and those who are not. From the introduction of a competence in 1999 in the Amsterdam Treaty, the subsequent treaty amendments have consistently widened the EUs powers in the area. Part III of the TCA may also be suspended in the event of serious and systemic deficiencies within one Party as regards the protection of personal data, including where those deficiencies have led to a relevant adequacy decision ceasing to apply (Article 693(2)). WebCriminal Justice Ethics examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. NCSL conducts policy research in areas ranging from agriculture and budget and tax issues to education and health care to immigration and transportation. For men awaiting competency treatment, theres a five month wait, and its six months for women. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. Position Statement 59: Responding to Behavioral Health Crises, Position Statement 51: Children With Emotional Disorders In The Juvenile Justice System, Position Statement 52: In Support of Maximum Diversion of Persons with Serious Mental Illness from the Criminal Justice System, Position Statement 53: Mental Health Courts, Position Statement 54: Death Penalty and People with Mental Illnesses, Position Statement 55: Confining Sexual Predators in the Mental Health System, Position Statement 56: Mental Health Treatment in Correctional Facilities, Position Statement 57: In Support of the Insanity Defense, Position Statement 58: Life Without Parole for Juvenile Offenders, Children With Emotional Disorders In The Juvenile Justice System, Confining Sexual Predators in the Mental Health System, Death Penalty and People with Mental Illnesses, In Support of Maximum Diversion of Persons with Serious Mental Illness from the Criminal Justice System, Life Without Parole for Juvenile Offenders, Mental Health Treatment in Correctional Facilities. Copyright 2023 Mental Health America, Inc. WebThe UKs position in the development of EU criminal law. However, the UK eventually indicated that it would seek to opt back into 35 of third pillar measures including the European Arrest Warrant Framework Decision (Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European Arrest Warrant [2002] OJ L 190/1). 13 dict begin View additional files Hide additional files. WebCCLI provides high-quality training on death penalty issues to improve legal representation provided to indigent defendants charged with having committed capital crimes and to enhance the ability of prosecutors to effectively represent the public in state capital cases. Unlike most states, Oklahoma doesnt use a sentencing matrix. MHA is dedicated to addressing In this manner, operational concerns by criminal justice practitioners prevailed over political party ideology. This is particularly so as regards data which has been collected in the context of actions outside police operations, such as PNR, border and immigration control data but which are then shared with criminal justice authorities or other state bodies for purposes other than those for which the data was collected. Bestselling author Cyndi Banks draws readers into a unique discussion of WebCriminal justice systems around the world face many challenges. While at the UKs suggestion, in 1999, the area was not one of harmonization but rather of cooperation through mutual recognition, the shortcomings of such an approach were rapidly apparent with the negotiation of the European Arrest Warrant (still a cornerstone of EU law in the field), a mechanism for replacing extradition among the Member States (Mitsilegas, Citation2006; Marin, Citation2008). By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Racial minorities perceptions of unfairness in the criminal justice system have dampened cooperation with police work and impeded criminal trials. Yet these efforts by the UK to influence European criminal law have been combined by fears, at the political level, that European integration in criminal matters would threaten unduly state sovereignty. Fair trial rights in the UK post Brexit: Out with the charter and EU law, in with the ECHR? The UKs position in the development of EU criminal law, The actors for future cooperation: the TCA and criminal justice, Police and criminal justice co-operation after Brexit the legal framework. Contact him at (405) 831-9753 or Kross@Oklahomawatch.org. Criminal Justice Policy Issues is an ideal collection for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in criminal justice. Looking at both how UK policy has been influenced and has in turn influenced EU criminal justice policy, the article will evaluate the provisions of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and focus on key current challenges for cooperation. The absence of appropriate services causes many harms, Mental Health America (MHA) places a high priority on the care of children and youth (children) with behavioral problems reflecting mental, emotional and substance use conditions (behavioral, Mental Health America (MHA) supports maximum diversion from the criminal justice system for all persons accused of crimes for whom mental health or substance use treatment is a reasonable alternative, Similar to other specialized court systems such as drug courts and veterans courts, mental health courts are an alternative to navigating the criminal justice system for people with a mental health, Our current system of criminal justice inadequately addresses the complexity of cases involving criminal defendants with mental health conditions. It remains to be seen whether the authorities of EU Member States receiving Arrest Warrants from the UK and responsible for operating the system will grant the same priority to requests from a third state compared to requests received from authorities of EU Member States. evidence to House of Lords European Union Committee, Brexit: Future UK-EU Security Cooperation, Q19) and to the Schengen Information System (According to Security Commissioner Julian King, the UK has over 160,000 alerts on SIS II platform evidence to Home Affairs Committee, op. Criminal justice cooperation between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland has been a matter of great concern to all parties for many years. 2 0 obj << /CreationDate (D:19970509150802) /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 2.0 for Power Macintosh) /Keywords () /Creator (Adobe PageMaker 6.0) /Title (00-cover) /Subject () /Author (Glenn) /ModDate (D:19970509152517) >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 72 0 R /Resources 556 0 R /Contents 555 0 R >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F6 /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Widths [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 306 444 611 612 612 1000 778 333 389 389 611 600 306 333 306 278 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 612 306 306 600 600 600 556 800 778 667 667 778 611 556 778 722 333 444 722 556 944 778 778 611 778 667 611 556 722 722 1000 722 722 611 444 278 444 600 500 278 611 667 500 667 611 444 667 667 333 333 611 333 944 667 667 667 667 444 500 444 667 611 944 611 611 500 389 222 389 600 0 778 778 667 611 778 778 722 611 611 611 611 611 611 500 611 611 611 611 333 333 333 333 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 611 400 612 612 611 500 620 667 800 800 1000 278 278 0 944 778 0 600 0 0 612 667 0 0 0 0 0 397 434 0 889 667 556 444 600 0 612 0 0 667 667 1000 0 778 778 778 963 944 500 1000 611 611 333 333 600 0 611 722 167 612 389 389 778 778 611 306 333 611 1000 778 611 778 611 611 333 333 333 333 778 778 0 778 722 722 722 333 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 ] /Encoding 10 0 R /BaseFont /Frutiger-BlackItalic /FontDescriptor 11 0 R >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F7 /Encoding 10 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Roman >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /Name /F9 /Encoding 10 0 R /BaseFont /Times-Italic >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [ 261 0 R 260 0 R 378 0 R 498 0 R ] /Count 132 /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 0 /NUL /SOH /STX /ETX /EOT /ENQ /ACK /BEL /BS /HT /LF /VT /FF /CR /SO /SI /DLE /DC1 /DC2 /DC3 /DC4 /NAK /SYN /ETB /CAN /EM /SUB /ESC /FS /GS /RS /US 39 /quotesingle 96 /grave 127 /DEL /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute /Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis /atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis /iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve /ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex /udieresis /dagger /degree 164 /section /bullet /paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute /dieresis /notequal /AE /Oslash /infinity /plusminus /lessequal /greaterequal /yen /mu /partialdiff /summation /product /pi /integral /ordfeminine /ordmasculine /Omega /ae /oslash /questiondown /exclamdown /logicalnot /radical /florin /approxequal /Delta /guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /nbspace /Agrave /Atilde /Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright /divide /lozenge /ydieresis /Ydieresis /fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl /periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand /Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /apple /Ograve /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave 246 /circumflex /tilde /macron /breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron ] >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 750 /CapHeight 698 /Descent -210 /Flags 295024 /FontBBox [ -192 -250 1090 947 ] /FontName /Frutiger-BlackItalic /ItalicAngle -12 /StemV 178 /FontFile 12 0 R /XHeight 521 >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 27961 /Length1 773 /Length2 27187 /Length3 0 >> stream

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