Badge: stone bramble[36] or common heath[64], Motto: I HOIP IN GOD. [34] [from Latin: "The Lord will provide"]. "], Motto: A HOME. Ive walked those woods for years and had never come across them, but then Culloden Woods does cover a huge expanse of land. Maltese For Sale Nj, While Jacobite casualties at Culloden are estimated at around 1,000 killed and wounded, many more died during later as Cumberland's men combed the region. . As their ancestral home, the Isle of Skye is packed full of key clan sites. [91], Seat: Mochrum Castle, Dumfries and Galloway, Motto: ESSAYEZ. Inverness Courier 1932, INVERNESS COURIER GUIDE TO INVERNESS, CULLODEN MOOR AND CLAVA CIRCLES: THE OFFICIAL GUIDE FOR THE 1932 INVERNESS ADVERTISING BOARD. Rather than moving forward in one continuous line, the Highlanders struck at isolated spots along the government front and were repulsed in turn. Recommended Routes. While many of Scotland's clans joined the "Forty-Five" many did not. Crest is: Anderson (1862), p. 739. Scotland Clan Map: the Clan Gordon Territories of Culloden was fought on this Moor 16th April 1746 _____ The graves of the gallant highlanders who fought for Scotland & Prince Charlie, are marked by the names of their clans. The Prince agreed and the army moved out around 8:00 PM. Badge: wild rosemary[36], Motto: SPEM SUCCESSUS ALIT. Falling back, they reached Glasgow on Christmas Day, before continuing on to Stirling. Though the decision had been made, the order to charge was delayed in reaching the troops as the messenger, young Lachlan MacLachlan, was killed by a cannonball. [174] [from Latin: "This is valour of my ancestors"]. There are no images available for this record, you may want to check Canmore for images relating to Culloden Battlefield, Graves of the Clans, Cairn and Well of the Dead. [187] [from Scottish Gaelic: "The rock of the raven"]. Unfortunately, all of the army's supplies and provisions had been left back in Inverness and there was little for the men to eat. We schedule sites and monuments that are found to be of national importance using the selection guidance published in Designation Policy and Selection Guidance (2019). (LogOut/ Culloden is now one of the flagship possessions of the National Trust for . [327], Motto: VERO NIHIL VERIUS. [202] [from Latin: "I will never forget"]. [324], Motto: FAMILIAS FIRMAT PIETAS ["Religion strengthens families"], Motto: INSPERATA FLORUIT ["Unexpectedly Flourished"], Motto: INDUSTRIA DITAT ["Industry enriches"], Motto: NON DEGENER. Copyright and database right 2023. Badge: mistletoe[36], Motto: SOLA VIRTUS NOBILITAT. Badge: rosemary[36], Motto: NON INFERIORA SECUTUS. Badge: juniper[36], Motto: A FIN. Postcard Album: Large green bound album titled 'Postcards', Records of the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, England, Archaeological site card index ('495' cards). I was walking up a well-trodden path, when something hit my left foot and I stopped. Culloden Moor, Grave-marker inscribed 'Clans MacGillivray Maclean Maclachlan Athol Highlanders. Badge: whitethorn,[36] hawthorn[103] or evergreen alkanet[64], Motto: TOUT POURVOIR. Reduced to simple landlords, the clan chiefs suffered as their lands were remote and of poor quality. During your Isle of Skye trip, make sure to check out the Bloody Stone, Dunvegan Castle with its Fairy Flag, and MacLeod's Table. Most of the tarmac must have been removed when the road was broken up in the 1980s, but the very hardpacked stone/gravel road metalling with bitumen through its surface was still in situ at a depth of only 200mm. First setting foot on Scottish soil on the Isle of Eriskay, Prince Charles was advised by Alexander MacDonald of Boisdale to go home. It was agreed that this modern intrusion should be removed to return the area to a semblance of how it would have been when the grave markers were erected in 1880/1881. Badge: red whortleberry, bearberry[36] or boxwood[64], Motto: FORTIS ET FIDUS. The Highland clans of Scotland are famous, the names celebrated, and the deeds heroic. The monument comprises the Graves of the Clans, the Memorial Cairn and the Well of the Dead, all on the Culloden battlefield. [236], Motto: IN ARDUA TENDIT. William Ayres (Ayres-90) First casualty in first battle fought between Anglo-Saxons in North America. At the end of May, Cumberland shifted his headquarters to Fort Augustus at the southern end of Loch Ness. Culloden Moor, General view of gravestone inscribed 'Clan Stewart of Appin.'. [191] Here is one :). [33], Motto: DABIT OTIA DEUS ["God will give repose"], Floreat magestas (Let majesty flourish) [287], Motto: CONSTANT AND TRUE. Battle plan of Culloden, 1753. [210] We hope to hear more soon and will continue our research. Badge: red whortleberry[36], Motto: MISERIS SUCCURRERE DISCO. Would you be able to give me some rough directions to this? 0000003586 00000 n [120] ["Do not forget"]. The battle finally settled a contest for . [268] ["To the end"]. The Battle of Culloden, 1746: the last stand of the clan system and its warrior tradition. [17] [from Latin: "What is brighter than the stars?"]. More information about consent and how to apply for it can be found on our website at www.historicenvironment.scot. [257] [from Latin: "An interest after death"]. . Government casualties for the Battle of Culloden were listed as 364 killed and wounded. A HOME. The description and map (see legal documents above) showing the scheduled area is the designation of the monument under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. answered Nov 24, 2021 by Jim Richardson G2G6 Pilot (578k points) That should still be pretty interesting to look through. (LogOut/ It was a decisive defeat for the Jacobite cause, and Prince Charles left Britain and went to Rome, never to attempt to take the throne again. [93], Motto: CONFIDO. Aerial view of Culloden Battlefield, E of Inverness, looking SE. ], Motto: MEANE WEIL SPEAK WEIL AND DOE WEIL. Imprisoned on Prisoner Ship Pamela and transported. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/jacobite-1745/securing-scotland/, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/jacobite-1745/laws-control-scotland/, http://www.visitscotland.com/about/ancestry/clans/. Club moss has also been attributed to the Macraes, who were the Mackenzie's "shirt of mail". Apparently, Outlander fans can be a lead-footed bunch! Standing at the rear of his men, the Prince was unable to see the carnage being inflicted upon his men and continued to hold them in position waiting for Cumberland to attack. SC 1921467. [124] [from Scottish Gaelic: "My race is royal"]. 541543. The next day, he ordered his men to search the area around the battlefield for hiding rebels, stating that the Prince's public orders the previous day called for no quarter to be given. Even if what is described and what is mapped has changed, the monument is still scheduled. One of the stones is inscribed and two plaques are attached. The principal graves are as described by ONB. As the soldiers approached, her servants fired on them, screamed the war cries of different clans, and crashed about in the brush. The Prince's artillery replied, but their fire was ineffectual. Whilst Jacobitism was a pan-British cause, the final rebellion of 1745 would not have been possible without the efforts of thousands of Highland clansmen. [65], Vive Deo Et Vives. In the area around the battlefield, government troops tracked down and executed fleeing and wounded Jacobites, earning Cumberland the nickname "the Butcher." The battlefield is maintained and preserved by the National Trust for Scotland. [117] [from Latin: "It sustains, it enriches, it pleases"]. The four graves shown on OS 25" at NH 7416 4485, NH 7417 4484, NH 7412 4479 and NH 7409 4474 respectively are all graves of the Campbells (Neil MacDonald, Warden NTS, Culloden). Deploying in less than ten minutes, with near parade-ground precision, the Duke's army formed into two lines of infantry, with cavalry on the flanks. [207] How many Scots died at the Battle of. The turf was removed, the Caithness flagstones were recorded and most were taken away, and then the area was turfed with grass from beside the current visitor centre. Not all Outlander fans might be aware of it, but Jamie Fraser's character was loosely based off of a real-life Jacobite soldier who survived the Battle Of Culloden. It is said that the Duke of Cumberland (the king's son and leader of the government troops) ate his lunch, or in some accounts his breakfast, sitting atop the stone on the day of battle in 1746. The additional details provided on this page are provided for information purposes only and do not form part of the designation. [249] [from Latin: "Brave in difficulty"]. At Nairn, Cumberland's army broke camp at 5:00 AM and began moving towards Drumossie. Scottish crest badges are heraldic badges used by members of Scottish clans to show their allegiance to a specific clan or clan chief. Motto: CAVE ADSUM. As they had the farthest to go, they should have been the first to receive the order to advance. [42] [from Latin: "Do not forget"]. The Clan was also present at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 where the Jacobite army met defeat. This allowed them to fire directly into the flank of retreating Jacobites. He has appeared on The History Channel as a featured expert. After taking the town, they were reinforced by additional Highlanders as well as Irish and Scottish soldiers from France. The graves of the Gallant Highlanders who fought for Scotland and Prince Charlie are marked by the names . 0 Currently you have JavaScript disabled. Should there be a sticker created for the Buffalo Soldiers who fought the Indian Wars? "Colonel Anne" lived until 1787 and was referred to by the Prince as La Belle Rebelle (the Beautiful Rebel). Add Photos Cemeteries Region Europe Scotland Highland Culloden Battlefield Mass Graves Added: 2 Dec 2019 [7] [from Latin: "By wisdom not force"][7], Seat: Lochnaw Castle, Dumfries and Galloway, Motto: RUPTO ROBORE NATI Latin: "We are born in a weak condition"], Motto: PRO PATRIA SAEPE PRO REGE SEMPER [from Latin: "For country often, for King always"], Seat: Dolphinstone Castle (ruin), Jedburgh[8], Motto: DECERPTAE DABUNT ODORUM ["Roses plucked will give sweet smell"], Motto: STAND SURE as witnessed by armorial stones at Westerton, Banffshire dated 1664 and Botriphnie dated 1671; also by grant of Lord Lyon 20 March 1992 book 73, folio 78 to David Alexander Richard Waterton-Anderson. v3.0. Marching with around 1,200 men, the Prince moved east then south to Perth where he joined with Lord George Murray. [243], Motto: VIVAT REX. Some of them have become infamous - from the Battle of Passchendaele during WWI to the Battle of Hastings in 1066, but the majority fade from memory within a generation or two. To Mr Webster [Minister] In Edinr. from. General view Cameron (and one on far end of mound). Following the battle, a bounty of 30,000 was placed on his head, and he was forced to flee. Firing with devastating effect, Belford's guns tore giant holes in the Jacobite ranks. [164] ["Neither spare nor scorn"]. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence [27], Seat: Towie Barclay Castle, Aberdeenshire, Motto: FULGET VIRTUS INTAMINATA ["Virtue shines unstained"], Motto: DE BONNAIRE. Prentice R 1967, THE NATIONAL TRUST FOR SCOTLAND GUIDE, 151-153. Address: Culloden, Inverness, IV2 5EU. %%EOF [204] The stone marks where fell Picture: Jane Barlow By one o'clock, the Jacobite soldiers are beginning to retreat and Bonnie Prince Charlie - who was 300ft behind the front line - is escorted away. Having returned from their abortive night march, the Prince arranged his forces in three lines on the west side of the moor. Meeting on Culloden Moor, just east of Inverness, the Jacobite army was soundly defeated by a government army led by the Duke of Cumberland. In the first book in Diana Gabaldon's fictional Outlander series, Claire Randall, on her second honeymoon with her husband in Scotland after World War II, visits Craigh na Dun, a make-believe. Although hes a man of logic and wasnt quite sure what logic to apply to what I was doing, after many incidents that he cant explain, hes come to know that there is something much greater than us out there He trusted what was unfolding without question. (2020, August 26). [256], Motto: DREAD GOD. On January 17, the Prince defeated a government force led by Lt. General Henry Hawley at Falkirk. [147] Just around the corner on this mound of earth was more undergrowth to work through, where we found these Many of these stones have words engraved on them, but it's no longer legible unfortunately. Badge: holly[36], Motto: PER ARDUA. At 11:00 AM, with the two armies in position, both commanders rode along their lines encouraging their men. [51], Seat: Elsick House, Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, Motto: PROMPTUS ET FIDELIS ["Ready and faithful"], Motto: TOUCH NOT THE CATT BOT A GLOVE. I did go to the page Battle of Culloden, but I didn't see a lot of names there. Geophysical survey in 2001 showed that there were graves in the area. [135] ["Keep the yoke"]. "The Forty-Five: The Battle of Culloden." Aerial view of Culloden Battlefield, Inverness, looking SE. A 2m by 2.2m zone was marked out. Some clans such as Clan . 7. [227] During the Jacobite rising of 1745 the Clan MacLaren fought in support of the Jacobite cause at the Battle of Prestonpans and the Battle of Falkirk Muir where they were victorious on both occasions. Placed by Edward Porter, the stone was meant to be part of a cairn that was never finished. [128], Motto: IN ARDUA NITOR ["I endeavour in difficulties"], Motto: FIDES SUFFICIT ["Faith is sufficient"], Motto: Vive Ut Vivas ["Live, So That You May Live"] " , Motto: PER ARDUA AD ALTA. Kind regards, Di. [88] [from French: "Never behind"]. This was where the last pitched battle on British soil was fought, on 16 April 1746. [4], Motto: SALUS PER CHRISTUM [from Latin: Salvation through Christ], Motto: LOYAL AU MORT. [31] [from Latin: "He who leads"]. [315] December 2015. Sources listed with information provided by John Willis and Culloden Battlefield and Visitor Centre 2; Duncan. [36], Motto: LABORA. [268] [181] [from Latin: "Danger is sweet"]. You may disable these by changing your browser settings, but this may affect how the website functions. Badge: Scots pine (Scots fir)[36], Motto: HOC SECURIOR. The monument is recorded by the RCAHMS as Culloden Moor, The Graves of the Clans NH74NW 17.03, Culloden Moor, Well of the Dead NH74NW 20 and Culloden Moor, Battlefield NH74NW 17.00. Topics. The darkest moment in the clan's history, however, came at the Massacre . [167] [from Latin: "I grow by virtue"]. Ordnance Survey licence number 100057073. Badge: cranberry or cloudberry[36], Motto: PRO REGE. Site NameCulloden Moor, The Graves Of The Clans, ClassificationCommemorative Stone(S) (Period Unassigned), Grave(S) (Period Unassigned), Alternative Name(s)Culloden Muir; Culloden Moor, Memorial Cairn; Graves Of The Clans, Cairn And Well Of The Dead, Permalinkhttp://canmore.org.uk/site/14204. and during the Jacobite Rising of 1745/46 they fought on the Hanoverian side at the Battle of Culloden. Some information will not have been recorded and the map will not be to current standards. The forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart, attempting to reclaim the throne for his family, met a British army led by the Duke of Cumberland, son of the Hanoverian King George II. [100] [From French: "I think more"]. [215] Badge: oak[36], Motto: SERO SED SERIO. Following the victory at the Battle of Culloden, Cumberland and the government executed those captured in the fighting and began an oppressive occupation of the Highlands. [211] Archives, Open Government Licence A hugely significant and exceptionally well preserved prehistoric site, Clava Cairns is a fantastic example of the distant history of Highland Scotland, dating back about 4,000 years. James II's daughter Mary is protestant and fears a Catholic succession to the throne. Badge: great bulrush[36], Motto: SUB SOLE SUB UMBRA VIRENS. [58] [from Latin: "I am fierce with the fierce"]. The fighting became so savage in this part of the field, that the clansmen had to climb over the dead and wounded at places like the "Well of the Dead" to get at the enemy. [201] Pollard T and Oliver N 2001, 'Culloden Battlefield (Croy and Dalcross; Daviot and Dunlichty parishes), geophysical surveys', DISCOVERY EXCAV SCOT Vol. Culloden Moor, Jacobite memorial cairn, general view including clan markers. This colonial attitude involved abolishing the 'of some of the worst clans'. 0000001333 00000 n Id love to find it! 0 reviews. [262] ["Without stain"]. The battlefield is open to visitors and features a large museum with interactive exhibits, a restaurant, and a viewing platform. [184] Ordnance Survey (Name Book), ORIGINAL NAME BOOKS OF THE ORDNANCE SURVEY, Book No. [220] At the Battle of Culloden in 1746, the British artillery which fired grapeshot at the advancing Jacobites was Captain Cunningham's Company, although . For many years, Porter's stone was the only memorial on the battlefield. [18], Motto: NEC CITO NEC TARDE. As a demonstrative symbol of government power, large new military bases were constructed, such as Fort George, and new barracks and roads were built to aid in keeping a watch over the Highlands. [134] ["Through difficulties to higher things"]. Efforts to return the Stuarts to the throne began in 1689when Viscount Dundee led a failed revolt against William and Mary. To establish the exact line of the old road the probable line was surveyed onto the ground from details given on the 1:2500 OS map. After barricading them in, the government troops set the barn on fire. Upon hearing word of this from her mother-in-law, Lady Anne warned the Prince and sent several of her household to watch for the government troops. The huge Cumberland Stone sits in woodland very close to Culloden Moor. 3.89. Badge: broom[36], Seat: Corstorphine Castle (demolished), Corstorphine, Lothian, Motto: INSTAURATOR RUINAE. [221] A closer shot of that headstone "This cross is erected by her sorrowing brother and sister". Even though they are commonly used by clan members, the heraldic crest and motto within the crest badge belong only to the clan chief never the clan member. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. [163] ["I shall stand"]. Badge: variegated holly or deer's grass (heath club rush)[36], Innes of Learney claimed that heath club rush ('deer's grass') may be confused with club moss ('staghorn moss'). General view Cameron (and one on far end of mound). Motto: FLOREAT MAGESTAS ["Let majesty flourish"], Motto: FUIMUS. [317] [from French "I hope"]. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/forty-five-the-battle-of-culloden-4063149. xb```b`` a`a`` @1X{s* (zf v+AHu6.y&iPnpj> V |+fYiF 0 Andy said to me This is going to be an impossible task. Inscribed stones have not been erected at all of the identified graves. After wavering, the Prince finally agreed and the order was given. [2][3] Scottish crest badges have only been worn by clan members on the bonnet since the 19th century. The Campbells have a stone engraved on NH 7414 4493. Motto: Cuimhnich Bs Ailpein. trailer "clann"="offspring") is a large group of people bearing the same name and formerly living in given areas, descended from a common progenitor and owing allegiance to the Clan Chief.This is the reason for so much obedience and so much paternal affection. In February 1746, the Prince stayed with Lady Anne at the MacKintosh's manor at Moy Hall. We also have an ancestry hub where you can discover the origins of your name in even more detail. [239], Motto: ET CUSTOS ET PUGNAX. More recent additions to the battlefield include the Irish Memorial (1963), which commemorates the Prince's French-Irish soldiers, and the French Memorial (1994), which pays homage to the Scots Royals. [170] ["Endure boldly"]. However, much a Scotland did not support Charles Stuart's claims. Lowest price guarantee Reserve now & pay laterFree cancellation. [290] [271][from Latin: "Boldly and readily"]. The first and most dangerous attack came from the Jacobite right. Papers of James Sloan Bone, landscape historian, Inverness, Highland, Scotland. Those who wished to see James return were known as Jacobites. [32], Motto: DOMINUS PROVIDEBIT. [266] ["By generosity"]. [238] [242] ["Do and hope"]. [176], Motto: DEI DONO SUM QUOD SUM ["By the grace of God I am what I am"], Motto: IN TE DOMINE SPERAVI. He then landed on the mainland at Glenfinnan on August 19, and raised his father's standard, proclaiming him King James VIII of Scotland and III of England. RF2J7NJ40 - The Clan Fraser stone On the Culloden battlefield, the Clan Fraser stone or grave marker that commemorates the Clan's lives lost in the battle on 16th RM CWR8T6 - man wearing traditional scottish dress including clan fraser tartan kilt sporran hose and brogues scotland uk Promised medical aid if they surrendered, they were promptly shot in her front yard. Site Name Culloden Moor, The Graves Of The Clans Classification Commemorative Stone (S) (Period Unassigned), Grave (S) (Period Unassigned) Alternative Name (s) Culloden Muir; Culloden Moor, Memorial Cairn; Graves Of The Clans, Cairn And Well Of The Dead Canmore ID 14204 Site Number NH74NW 17.03 NGR NH 7425 4499 Datum OSGB36 - NGR Does Clan Mackenzie still exist? [90] In an effort to prevent future uprisings, the government passed a series of laws, many of which violated the 1707 Treaty of Union, with the goal of eradicating Highland culture. The first to join his cause were the Camerons and the MacDonalds of Keppoch. While military roads and forts were constructed, efforts were made to recruit Highlanders into companies (The Black Watch) to maintain order. Memorials Many people visit Culloden because they're interested in the legacy of the Scottish clans, as well as to research their own ancestral past. Scottish Charity No. [270] [from Latin: "Boldly and strongly"]. [311], Motto: NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS. We use necessary cookies to make our site work. [171], Motto: HOC MAJORUM VIRTUS. By GHD Clan Tours. However, the first contemporary record of the clan chiefs is in the thirteenth century. Culloden Battlefield: Our most recommended tours and activities. Armed primarily with swords and axes, the Highlander's primary tactic was the charge, which worked best over hilly and broken ground. [112][From French: "I am ready"]. SC045925, General view of Grave stone - Stewart of Appin. Whatever it was, it felt friendly. Following the defeat at Culloden, Lady Anne was arrested and turned over to her mother-in-law for a period. 1989. 290 ratings35 reviews. The following is a list of Scottish clans with and without chiefs.. Departing Aberdeen on April 8, Cumberland began moving west towards Inverness. xref Also, many questioned the choice of battlefield. [190] [from Latin: "To conquer or die"]. 0000001019 00000 n Late [apprentice] to Pat Black Surgeon in Perth. [157] This information will help us make improvements to the website. The stone had literally pinpointed the location of the graves to me, and had landed with enough force on my foot to stop me in my tracks and make me look down. - H93C04 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. [235] [from Latin: "By wisdom and courage"]. 0000001522 00000 n [87] [from Latin: "Glory is the reward of valour"]. [unreliable source? [318], Motto: I SAVED THE KING. Scottish Charity No. [37] [from Latin: "We have been"]. [252] ["Upon hope"]. Finally, the charge began, possibly without orders, and it is believed that the MacKintoshes of the Chattan Confederation were the first to move forward, quickly followed by the Atholl Highlanders on the right. [63] Pinterest. View your clan lands and browse our extensive database of clan images in the world's largest clan resource. 0000001769 00000 n An Exhibition about the Change of a Nations' Identity. [109] [From Latin: "A repairer of ruin"]. [10] [11] The clearances were part of an assimilation of Scotland into greater Britain[12] and should make way for a new generation of Scots that were more open to the British reign. I could see him in the distance on a main path, so I guided him to where I was so that we could continue our search together. [254] [from French: "Watch well"]. The area proposed for scheduling comprises the monument described above and an area around it within which related features are likely to survive. [4] Right after the battle local people were forced by the English government to dig mass graves for the dead. With the battle lost, the Prince was taken from the field and the remnants of the army, led by Lord George Murray, retreated towards Ruthven. [127] Jacobite swords and daggers were no contest for Hanoverian cannon and guns. general mitchell airport live camera. Female clan chiefs, chieftains, or the wives of clan chiefs normally wear a tartan sash pinned at their left shoulder. SC045925. On November 1, the Prince began his march south to London, occupying Carlisle, Manchester, and arriving at Derby on December 4. Badge: bilberry (blaeberry), bramble,[36] holly or black berry heath[103], Motto: CREAG AN TUIRC. [219] [from Latin: "While i breathe i hope"]. On the moor, the armies stood approximately 500-600 yards apart, though the lines were closer on the southern side of the field and farther at the northern. Click here for instructions on how to enable JavaScript in your browser. [288] [from French: "Fortune passes over everywhere"]. As a woman she was not permitted to lead the clan in battle and command was assigned to Alexander MacGillivray of Dunmaglass, Chief of Clan MacGillivray (part of the Chattan Confederation). The original scheduling is difficult to interpret on the modern map and excluded the area of the former road (now removed); this re-scheduling clarifies the scheduled area. Badge: dryas[36] or trefoil[64], Motto: MEMOR ESTO [from Latin: "Be Mindful"] [177], Motto: FORTITER. This included the surrender of bagpipes which were seen as a weapon of war. Use our place search to find them by name, town or postcode. The Forty-Five: The Battle of Culloden. Badge: bull rush[64], Motto: HUC TENDIMUS OMNES ["We all strive for this"], Motto: AUDACTER ET STRENUE. Location. [27] [from Latin: "Either to do or die"]. [225] startxref Badge: wallflower,[36] or gillyflower[103], Motto: PRO LIBERTATE. Bonnie Prince Charlie's largely Highland army of 5,000 men, out-numbered, exhausted, hungry, and in poor position, were defeated by the forces of the Duke of Cumberland on April 16, 1746.

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